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ARIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITIES |
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Basic Meteorology and Climatology |
- Atmospheric dynamics
- General circulation of
the atmosphere
- Tropical &
extra-tropical weather systems
- Components of the
earths climate
- Annual and semi-annual
cycles
- Climate variability
- Overview of world
climate
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AIR POLLUTION |
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Source Testing
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Emission Inventories
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Ambient Air
Quality
Monitoring
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Indoor Air Pollution Monitoring
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Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling (Including
Air-shed photochemistry modelling)
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Source-Receptor Relations Modeling
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Sensors for
Systematic Monitoring
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Development of trace
gas sensors for applications utilizing near-infrared diode lasers as well
as the development of new light sources at UV or IR wavelengths for
spectroscopy, using non-linear optical techniques.
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NUCLEAR ANALYTICAL AND TRACER TECHNIQUES
IMPLEMENTATION
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- Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)
- X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
- Gas Chromatograph
- High Performance Liquid Chromatograph
- Alpha/Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
- Atmospheric Radioactivity and Exposure
Monitoring Dosimeters
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Climate Change Assessment and Management |
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GHG
Inventories
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Mitigation Analyses
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Clean Development Mechanism and Carbon Trading
Procedures
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Regional Climate Data
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Development of Climate Change Scenarios
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Vulnerability and Adaptation Analysis
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Policy Framework
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Environmental protocols |
- Trans-boundary Pollution
- Montreal Protocol for the Protection
of the Ozone Layer
- Global climate change & policy
implications:
Tokyo Protocol
Joint Implementation
Clean Development Mechanism
- Agenda 21 integrated sustainable
development
- Emerging Issues
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Regional climate Modeling |
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This activity may be
divided into the following categories:
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Use
of Downscaling Techniques for regional climate simulation over timescales
of 50 to 100 years, with West African sub-region as the primary spatial
zone of interest;
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Synoptic weather/climate features over West Africa are also being studied
in simulations by the regional simulation model (RM). These simulations
will provide needed new data to regional institutions and governments on
how to adapt regional models for weather and climate prediction over West
Africa. The RM uses a Cartesian grid with 40 to 50-km horizontal
resolution and 10 to 15 vertical levels;
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Analysis and re-capture of historical climates using a combination of
atmospheric and geological climate signatures;
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The
development of ground data on surface forcings, etc which could be used in
the validation of regional models of climate system components, i.e.
regional atmosphere, ocean/sea ice, chemistry and land
biosphere/hydrology, and applying such coupled models to climate change
studies;
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Atmosphere-Biosphere Studies |
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Global and limited-area models are used to study the effects of
land-atmosphere exchanges on regional circulations and the associated
hydrological cycles.
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Ocean-Atmosphere
Interactions |
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Land Atmosphere
Interactions |
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Normalized vegetation
index
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Forcing associated
with land-atmosphere coupling
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Land Use Change and
Surface Energy Balance Studies
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Development of Early Warning Systems for
Disaster Prediction and Management |
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Potential Impacts of Ozone Layer
Modification in the
Tropical/ Equatorial Region |
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In view of the manifold increase in the ultraviolet radiation
received at the lower latitudes compared to the mid and high
latitudes, it seems reasonable that the ozone layer issue should be
of serious interest in the tropics. This becomes credible in view of
the fact that, in these regions, more serious kinds of solar UV
radiation-induced health effects such as cataracts, viral
infections, and immune system damage may be connected to the
"ozone-UV" issue. These aspects are to be studied under harsher
tropical conditions, but the understanding that has been achieved so
far can provide a valuable base from which the specific situation
for tropical countries can be tackled as an extension.
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*** planned
medium to long range R&D Activities |
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